This Japanese Guide page was written by me.
On this page I've posted lists of many useful Japanese words, ranging from different nouns and pronouns(I selected many that are common in anime ^^), to interrogatives and tons of common Japanese phrases. These lists should help you start building your Japanese vocabulary! ^_^
Doubutsu = Animal
Neko = Cat
Inu = Dog
Tori = Bird
Usagi = Rabbit
Kitsune = Fox
Saru = Monkey
Ushi = Cow
Zou = Elephant
Kuma = Bear
Uma = Horse
Raion = Lion
Tora = Tiger
Nezumi = Rat, Mouse
Risu = Squirrel
Buta = Pig
Oukami = Wolf
Washi = Eagle
Niwatori = Chicken
Kaeru = Frog
Sakana = Fish
Tokage = Lizard
Hebi = Snake
Mushi = Bug
Kumo = Spider
Hotaru = Firefly
Chouchou = Butterfly
Kimochi = Feelings
Kokoro = Heart
Yume = Dream
Akumu = Nightmare
Yasashisa = Kindness
Yuuki = Courage
Chouwa = Harmony
Shinjitsu = Truth
Tsuyosa = Strength
Chikara = Power
Kouyuu = Friendship
Mikomi = Hope
Ai = Love
Maryoku, Mahou = Magic
Bakemono = Monster, Ghoul
Oni = Ogre, Devil
Youkai = Demon
Hanyou = Half-demon
Seibutsu = Creature
Ryuu = Dragon
Akuryou = Evil spirit
Mononoke = Vengeful spirit
Katana = Sword
Tamashii = Soul
Unme = Destiny, Fate
Densetsu = Legend
Kiseki = Miracles
Tenshi = Angel
Miko = Priestess
Houshi = Monk, Priest
Madoushi = Sorceress
Chikyu = Earth
Sekai = World
Uchuu = Universe
Wakuse = Planet
Kuuki = Air
Sora = Sky
Hoshi, Kousei = Star
Sousei = Comet
Niji = Rainbow
Taiyo = Sun
Tsuki = Moon
Mangetsu = Full moon
Shingetsu = New moon
Kumo = Cloud
Shizen = Nature
Ki = Tree
Ha = Leaf
Hana = Flower
Bara = Rose
Ayame = Iris
Yuri = Lily
Kaede = Maple tree
Sakura = Cherry tree
Sakura no hana = Cherry blossom
Mori = Woods
Shinrin = Forest
Kusa = Grass
Yama = Mountain
Rikuchi = Land
Jishin = Earthquake
Kaji = Fire
Hono = Flames
Kaze = Wind
Kori = Ice
Mizu = Water
Umi = Sea
Kawa = River
Mizuumi = Lake
Tenki = Weather
Yuki = Snow
Ame = Rain
Hikari = Light
Yami = Darkness
Hito = Person
Ningen = Human
Onna no ko = Girl
Onna no hito = Woman
Otoko no ko = Boy
Otoko no hito = Man
Shoujo = A young girl
Shounen = A young boy
Bishounen = A handsome boy
Bishoujo = A beautiful girl
Aka-chan = Baby
Ko, Kodomo = Child
Kozo = Kid, Brat(male)
Komusume = Kid, Brat(female)
O-uji-sama = Prince
O-hime-sama = Princess
Senshi = Soldier
O-kami-sama = God
Sensei = Teacher
Hakase = Professor
Isha = Doctor
Hanayome = Bride
Keisatsu = Police
Otaku = Somebody who's obsessed with anime and manga
Gaigin = Somebody who isn't Japanese (derogatory)
Sempai = Somebody of a higher rank, Someone you look up to
Kohai = Somebody of a lower rank
Tomodachi = Friend
Nakama = Friend, Ally
Teki = Enemy
Karada = Body
Me = Eye
Hitomi = Eyes
Mimi = Ears
Kao = Face
Ubi = Finger
Atama = Head
Shinzou = Heart
Kaminoke = Hair
Ashi = Leg, Foot, Paw
Hiza = Knee
Kuchi = Mouth
Te = Hand
Ude = Arm
Tsubasa = Wings
Shippo = Tail
Chi, Ketsueki = Blood
Hone, Kotsu = Bones
Ago = Chin
Mayu(ge) = Eyebrow
Kuchibiru = Lip
Hitai = Forehead
Hoho = Cheek
Hifu = Skin
Kata = Shoulder
Mune = Chest
Nodo = Throat
Senaka = Back
Shita = Tongue
Matsugu = Eyelash
Tabemono = Food
Shokuji = Meal
Asagohan, Choushoku = Breakfast
Hirugohan, Chuushoku = Lunch
Bangohan, Yuushoku = Dinner
Tamago = Egg
Niku = Meat
Yasai = Vegetable
Ninjin = Carrot
Kinoko = Mushroom
Keeki = Cake
Chokoreeto = Chocolate
Kudamono = Fruit
Sumomo = Plum
Sakuranbo = Cherry
Ichigo = Strawberry
Pan = Bread
Chiizu = Cheese
Kukkii = Cookie
Satou = Sugar
Raisu = Rice
Shio = Salt
Nomimono = Drink
Kouhi = Coffee
Gyuunyuu, Miruku = Milk
Ocha, Koucha = Tea
Aisukuriimu = Ice Cream
Ie, Uchi = House, Home
Machi = Town
Shi = City
Mise = Store
Tobira = Door
Heya = Room
Kabe = Wall
Mado = Window
Hako = Box
Beddo = Bed
Kagami = Mirror
Isu = Chair
Teeburu = Table
Hashi = Chopsticks
Denwa = Telephone
Kuruma = Car
Fune = Boat
Hikouki = Airplane
Jitensha = Bicycle
Basu = Bus
Chikatetsu = Subway
Kisha = Train
Kagi = Key
Shatsu = Shirt
Boushi = Hat
Kutsu = Shoes
Kakera = Shard
Caado = Card
Terebi = TV
Eiga = Movie
Konpyuuta = Computer
Pen = Pen
Keshigomu = Eraser
Hon = Book
Enpitsu = Pencil
Hasami = Scissors
Chizu = Map
Kami = Paper
Zasshi = Magazine
Hon = Book
Anime = Animation
Manga = Comics
Roboto = Robot
Juu = Gun
Jikan = Time (in general), Hour
Fun = Minute
Byou = Second
Toki = Time (as in "every time")
Ashita, Asu = Tomorrow
Kyou = Today
Kinou = Yesterday
Asa = Morning
Hiruma = Noon
Gogo = Afternoon
Yuugata, Ban = Evening
Yoake = Dawn
Yoru = Night
Mayonaka = Midnight
Seiki = Century
Hi = Day
Hibi = Days
Mainichi = Everyday
Shuu = Week
Tsuki = Month
Toshi = Year
Ongaku = Music
Uta = Song
Koe = Voice
Gakkou = School
Todai = Nickname for Tokyo University
Onsen = Hot spring
Hanaji = Nose bleed
Shawaa = Shower
Uso = Lie
Zutto = Forever, A long time
Kotae = Answer
Yakusoku = Promise
Kage = Shadow
Mirai = Future
Tanjoubi = Birthday
Nippon, Nihon = Japan
Nihon-go = Japanese (language)
Nihon-jin = Japanese (person)
Amerika = America
Ei-go = English (language)
Amerika-jin = American (person)
Paati = Party
Batoru = Battle
Geemu = Game
Ribaru = Rival
Poketto = Pocket
Tesuto = Test
Kisu = Kiss
Kotoba = Words
Dare?, Donata? = Who?
Nani? = What?
Doko? = Where?
Itsu? = When?
Dore? = Which?
Ikura? = How much?
Donna? = What kind?
Nande?, Doushite? = Why?
Ne(?) = Hey, Right?, Yeah?
Naze?, Douyatte? = How?, By what means?
Daremo = No one
Dareka = Someone
Dareni = Anyone
Dokoka = Somewhere
Dokoni = Anywhere
Dokonimo = Nowhere
Nanika = Something
Nanimo = Nothing
Atashi = I (female)
Boku, Ore = I (male)
Watashi = I (formal)
Anata = You (formal)
Omae, Kimi = You (informal)
Teme, Kisama = You (very impolite)
Kare = He, Him
Kanojo = She, Her
Minna = Everyone
Ohayou = Good morning
Ohayou gozaimasu = Good morning (formal)
Konnichiwa = Good afternoon, Hello
Konbanwa = Good evening
Oyasumi = Good Night
Oyasumi-nasai = Good night (formal)
Sayounara = Good-bye
Ja mata, Dewa mata = See you later
Ja (ne) = See you (later)
O-daijini = Take care of yourself
Gokigenyo = Farewell
Hai = Yes
Iie = No
Dame = No, Don't
Moshi moshi? = Hello? (as in answering the phone)
Itadakimasu = (said before eating a meal)
Gochisousama = (said after eating a meal)
Itte kimasu, Itte mairimasu = (said when leaving the house)
Itte rasshai = (said to someone when they leave the house)
O-kaeri-nasai = (said to someone when they return home)
Tadaima = (said when returning home)
O-genki desu ka? = How are you?
Ikaga desu ka? = How's it going?
Hajimemashite = Nice to meet you
Douzo yoroshiku = My regards
Genki desu = I'm fine
Irasshaimase = Welcome
Ima = Now
Gomen = Sorry
Gomen ne = I'm sorry, Pardon me
Gomen-nasai = I'm sorry, Pardon me (formal)
Sumimasen = Excuse me, Pardon me
Itai! = Ow!, Ouch!
Chikusho, Kuso = Damn it
Hontou? = Really?
Saa = Come on
Ja = Well then...
Are!, Ara! = Ah!, Oh!
Kekko desu = No thank you, I'm fine
Sonna = No way, It can't be
Masaka = No way, Ridiculous
Yata! = Hooray!
Sou = Yeah, Right
Urusai!, Damare! = Shut up!, Be quiet!
Arigatou = Thank you
Arigatou gozaimasu = Thank you (formal)
Dou itashimashite = You're welcome
Onegai(shimasu) = Please, I beg you
Douzo = Please, Help yourself
Omedetou = Congratulations
Omedetou gozaimasu = Congratulations (formal)
O-tanjoubi omedetou = Happy birthday
Kurisumasu omedetou = Merry Christmas
Shinnen omedetou = Happy New Year
Aishiteru = I love you
Anata no o-namae wa? = What's your name?
Kitto = Sure, For sure
Chotto matte = Wait a moment
Ganbatte = Do your best, Go for it
Yokatta = Thank goodness
Daijoubu(?) = Are you alright?, It's alright
Ki o tsukete = Be careful
Abunai! = Look out!
Itsumo = Always
Isudemo = Whenever
Subete = Everything
*In Japanese, there are different words used depending on whether you are talking about your own family or someone else's family. So for the list, I put the word for your own family member first and then the word for someone else's family member following it. Some of the words could be interchangable though. For example, it's not wrong to call your older brother "o-ni-san" or "o-ni-chan" instead of "ani" in casual situations. But most of the time, "ani" is more proper.
Kazoku, Go-kazuko = Family
Ryoushin, Go-ryoushin = Parents
Shinseki, Go-shinseki = Relatives
Ko or Kodomo, O-ko-san = Child
Haha, O-kaa-san = Mother
Chichi, O-tou-san = Father
Ani, O-ni-san = Older brother ("O-ni-san" can also be used to refer to an older male)
Ane, O-ne-san = Older sister ("O-ne-san" can also be used to refer to an older female)
Imouto, Imouto-san = Younger sister
Otouto, Otouto-san = Younger brother
Kyoudai, Go-kyoudai = Brothers or brothers and sisters
Shimai, Go-shimai = Sisters
Sofu, O-ji-san = Grandfather ("O-ji-san" can also be used to refer to an elderly man)
Soba, O-ba-san = Grandmother ("O-ba-san" can also be used to refer to an elderly woman)
Mago, O-mago-san = Grandchild
Otto or Shujin, Go-shujin = Husband
Kanai or Tsuma, Okusan = Wife
Musuko, Musuko-san = Son (can also be used to refer to a younger boy)
Musume, Musume-san or O-jou-san = Daughter (can also be used to refer to a younger girl)
Itoko, Itoko-san = Cousin
Oji, Oji-san = Uncle
Oba, Oba-san = Aunt
Oi, Oigo-san = Nephew
Mei, Meigo-san = Niece
Nichiyoubi = Sunday
Getsuyoubi = Monday
Kayoubi = Tuesday
Suiyoubi = Wednesday
Mokuyoubi = Thursday
Kinyoubi = Friday
Doyoubi = Saturday
Ichigatsu = January
Nigatsu = February
Sangatsu = March
Shigatsu = April
Gogatsu = May
Rokugatsu = June
Shichigatsu = July
Hachigatsu = August
Kugatsu = September
Juugatsu = October
Juuichigatsu = November
Juunigatsu = December
Haru = Spring
Natsu = Summer
Aki = Fall
Fuyu = Winter
Zero, Rei = Zero
Ichi = One
Ni = Two
San = Three
Shi, Yon = Four
Go = Five
Roku = Six
Shichi, Nana = Seven
Hachi = Eight
Ku, Kyuu = Nine
Juu = Ten
Ni-jyuu = Twenty
Ni-jyu-go = Twenty five
San-jyuu = Thirty
Yon-jyuu = Forty
Gou-jyuu = Fifty
Roku-jyuu = Sixty
Nana-jyuu = Seventy
Hachi-jyuu = Eighty
Kyuu-jyuu = Ninety
Hyaku = One hundred
Go-hyaku = Five hundred
Sen = One thousand
Roku-sen = Six thousand
Juu-man = Ten thousand
Hyakuman = One million
Hyakuman-ni = One million and two
Ni-hyakuman = Two million
Jyuoku = One billion